The terms that come up most. Defined the way we'd define them on a phone call - not the way the regulation reads.
APR
Annual Percentage Rate. The interest rate plus most fees, annualized - meant to be a more honest comparison number than the rate alone.
DTI
Debt-to-Income ratio. Your total monthly debt divided by your gross monthly income. Conventional loans typically max around 43–45%, with some flexibility above.
LTV
Loan-to-Value. The loan amount divided by the home's value. 80% LTV means a 20% down payment. Lower LTV usually means better pricing.
PMI
Private Mortgage Insurance. Required on conventional loans below 20% down. Cancels automatically at 78% LTV; requestable at 80%.
MIP
FHA's version of mortgage insurance. Upfront (1.75% financed) and monthly. Unlike PMI, it typically lasts the life of the FHA loan.
Escrow
Money the lender holds and pays out for property taxes and insurance on your behalf. Built into your monthly payment.
DSCR
Debt-Service Coverage Ratio. For investor loans: gross rent ÷ PITI. A 1.0 DSCR means the property breaks even. Most lenders want 1.0–1.25.
Pre-approval
A conditional commitment to lend based on verified income, assets, and credit. Stronger than a pre-qualification. What listing agents expect.
Cash-to-close
The total amount you need to bring to closing. Includes down payment, closing costs, prepaids, and escrow setup, minus any lender credits.
Points
Optional fees paid upfront to lower the rate. One point = 1% of the loan amount. The breakeven math matters more than the headline number.
Conforming
A loan that meets Fannie Mae / Freddie Mac standards (size limits, underwriting guidelines). Non-conforming loans (like jumbos) sit outside those rules.
Non-QM
Non-Qualified Mortgage. Loans that don't fit the standard "Qualified Mortgage" rules - typically because of alternative income documentation. Bank-statement and DSCR loans are Non-QM.